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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro
11:21

Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro

Published on: February 16, 2020

Damage-associated molecular patterns control neutrophil recruitment.

Keir Pittman1, Paul Kubes

  • 1Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of Innate Immunity
|March 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Danger signals (DAMPs) released from damaged cells recruit neutrophils during sterile inflammation. These DAMPs, including ATP and mitochondrial components, guide neutrophil activity and aid in resolving inflammation without pathogens.

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Published on: February 16, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neutrophils are key immune cells initiating acute inflammation at sites of infection or injury.
  • In sterile inflammation, neutrophils are recruited by danger signals or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged cells.
  • DAMPs can be directly detected by neutrophils or act indirectly via other cells to facilitate neutrophil recruitment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the direct and indirect effects of DAMPs on neutrophil recruitment and behavior in sterile inflammation.
  • To examine specific DAMPs such as extracellular ATP, mitochondrial formylated peptides, and mitochondrial DNA.
  • To highlight the role of neutrophils in initiating the resolution phase of inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on DAMPs and neutrophil recruitment in sterile inflammation.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which DAMPs signal neutrophil arrival and function.
  • Examination of the role of neutrophils in the inflammatory resolution phase.

Main Results:

  • DAMPs, including extracellular ATP, mitochondrial formylated peptides, and mitochondrial DNA, are released from necrotic cells and drive neutrophil recruitment in sterile inflammation.
  • Neutrophil recruitment can be mediated directly by DAMPs or indirectly through other cell types.
  • Evidence suggests neutrophils actively contribute to triggering the resolution of inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • DAMPs play a crucial role in orchestrating neutrophil responses during sterile inflammation.
  • Neutrophil influx, driven by DAMPs, is functionally significant even in the absence of microbial pathogens.
  • Neutrophils are involved in both initiating and resolving inflammatory responses in sterile conditions.