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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Ectopic thyroid in duplicated gall bladder: a rare entity. Case report.

Manohar B Kachare1, Ashish Khandelwal, Sanjay B Kulkarni

  • 1Department of Radiology, Govt. Medical College, Miraj, Maharastra, India.

Medical Ultrasonography
|March 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reports a rare case of ectopic thyroid tissue found within a duplicated gallbladder in a 51-year-old female experiencing right upper quadrant pain. The unique finding was confirmed via histopathology after surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Gallbladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly.
  • Ectopic thyroid tissue in the gallbladder is exceptionally rare, with limited documented cases.
  • Combined occurrence of these two rare conditions presents a unique diagnostic and surgical challenge.

Observation:

  • A 51-year-old female presented with recurrent right upper quadrant pain.
  • Abdominal sonography identified a duplicated gallbladder with a cystic-solid mass in the septum.
  • The mass was located between the two gallbladder lumens.

Findings:

  • Histopathology confirmed the presence of ectopic thyroid tissue within the wall of the duplicated gallbladder.
  • This represents the first reported case of ectopic thyroid tissue within a duplicated gallbladder.
  • The ectopic thyroid tissue was identified in the septum separating the two gallbladder structures.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of gallbladder anomalies and ectopic tissue presentations.
  • Highlights the importance of thorough histopathological examination for rare findings.
  • May inform diagnostic considerations for patients with similar rare anatomical variations and symptoms.