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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity.

Saurabh Aggarwal1, Jasmine Kamboj, Rohit Arora

  • 1Department of Medicine, Chicago Medical School/Rosalind Franklin University, 3333, Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA. drsaurabhaggarwal@ gmail.com

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease
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Summary

Cancer therapies can cause cardiovascular toxicity, impacting heart function and leading to events like hypertension. This review covers the mechanisms, management, and types of cardiotoxicity from chemotherapy agents.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular toxicity is a significant challenge in cancer therapy.
  • Numerous studies have explored cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review on-target and off-target cardiotoxicities of chemotherapeutic agents.
  • To discuss the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • To outline the management strategies for these adverse cardiovascular events.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies, meta-analyses, and reviews.
  • Analysis of cardiotoxicity profiles associated with various chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Synthesis of information on mechanisms and management.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy can cause cardiotoxicity manifesting as left ventricular dysfunction, hypertension, and thromboembolic events.
  • Specific mechanisms of cardiotoxicity vary depending on the chemotherapeutic agent used.
  • Effective management strategies are available for mitigating these cardiovascular risks.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular toxicity is an important consideration in cancer treatment.
  • A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms and management is essential for oncologists and cardiologists.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the balance between cancer treatment efficacy and cardiovascular safety.