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[The biological effect of Y-family DNA polymerases on the translesion synthesis]

Yi Gong1, Jin Yang

  • 1Student Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi = Journal of Biomedical Engineering = Shengwu Yixue Gongchengxue Zazhi
|March 16, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Common DNA polymerases stall at DNA damage. Y-family DNA polymerases, or translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases, bypass these lesions, ensuring genome replication and cell survival. This review covers their structure, function, and roles.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • DNA replication is crucial for cell survival.
  • DNA damage poses a significant threat to genome integrity.
  • Standard DNA polymerases cannot replicate damaged DNA.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive historical review of Y-family DNA polymerases.
  • To elucidate the structure and functions of translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases.
  • To highlight the critical roles of TLS polymerases in DNA repair and genome stability.

Summary:

  • Y-family DNA polymerases, also known as translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases, are specialized enzymes.
  • TLS polymerases possess the unique ability to replicate DNA across damaged sites (lesions).
  • This process is essential for bypassing DNA lesions, completing genome replication, and preventing cell death.

Impact:

  • Understanding TLS polymerases is vital for comprehending DNA damage tolerance mechanisms.
  • Insights into TLS polymerases can inform therapeutic strategies targeting cancer and genetic diseases.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge, providing a foundation for future research in DNA replication and repair.

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