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Nanodiamond nanofluids for enhanced thermal conductivity.

Blake T Branson1, Paul S Beauchamp, Jeremiah C Beam

  • 1Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.

ACS Nano
|March 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study developed enhanced nanofluids using modified nanodiamonds (NDs) for improved thermal conductivity. Covalently modified NDs in ethylene glycol showed significant heat transfer improvements, outperforming theoretical models.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Improving thermal conductivity of base fluids is crucial for heat transfer applications.
  • Nanodiamonds (NDs) offer high thermal conductivity but require effective dispersion and surface modification.
  • Existing methods for ND dispersion and modification have limitations in achieving significant thermal enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel nanodiamond-based nanofluids with enhanced thermal conductivity.
  • To investigate the effect of different surface modification strategies (covalent vs. hydrogen-bonding) on thermal performance.
  • To achieve stable dispersions of nanodiamonds in base oils for practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Deaggregation of oxidized ultradispersed diamond (UDD) using different chemical treatments.

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  • Surface modification of nanodiamonds via covalent grafting (poly(glycidol)) and hydrogen-bonding (oleic acid).
  • Dispersion of modified nanodiamonds in ethylene glycol and mineral oil base fluids.
  • Characterization of particle size using dynamic light scattering.
  • Measurement of thermal conductivity enhancement using established techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • Nanodiamond-poly(glycidol):ethylene glycol nanofluids achieved a 12% thermal conductivity enhancement at 0.9 vol % ND loading.
    • Nanodiamond-oleic acid:mineral oil dispersions showed an 11% thermal conductivity enhancement at 1.9 vol % ND loading.
    • Observed thermal conductivity enhancements were 2- to 4-fold higher than predicted by Maxwell's model.
    • Covalent surface modification resulted in a 2-fold greater enhancement compared to hydrogen-bonding interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface modification is critical for achieving high thermal conductivity enhancements in nanodiamond nanofluids.
    • Covalent modification strategies offer superior performance over non-covalent methods.
    • The developed nanodiamond dispersions, particularly in mineral oil, represent a significant advancement in stable nanofluid formulations.
    • These findings pave the way for advanced heat transfer fluids with superior thermal management capabilities.