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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
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Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
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Published on: April 18, 2019

Update on carbohydrate-containing antibacterial agents.

Georg Schitter1, Tanja M Wrodnigg

  • 1Technical University Graz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Univ.-Doz. TMW, Dip.-Ing. GS, Glycogroup, A-8010 Graz, Austria +43 316 873 8744 ; +43 316 873 8740 ; t.wrodnigg@tugraz.at.

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery
|March 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carbohydrate-containing antibiotics are crucial for combating resistant bacteria. Research into novel structures and synthetic strategies offers promising drug leads for fighting bacterial infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Antibiotic research has seen a resurgence due to the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
  • Developing new treatments is essential for global health systems facing dangerous bacterial threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review focuses on carbohydrate-containing antibiotics.
  • It outlines novel isolated, semisynthetic, and synthetic structures.
  • The review discusses their mechanisms of action and design strategies for enhanced antibacterial properties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature screening from 2000 to 2008.
  • Focus on recent examples of novel structures.
  • Identification of strategies for lead discovery of antibacterial agents.

Main Results:

  • Exploration of the role of carbohydrate moieties in antibacterial agents.
  • Advancements in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry.
  • Improvements in high-throughput screening assay development.

Conclusions:

  • Carbohydrate-containing antibiotics represent a promising avenue for drug discovery.
  • These compounds can aid in combating infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens.
  • Integration of chemical synthesis and screening methods accelerates the development of new antibacterial leads.