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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Published on: April 7, 2023

Cognitive impairment and diabetes.

Sandip K Dash1

  • 1Apollo Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. drskdash@yahoo.co.in

Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery
|March 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2, is linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Research explores the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets for these interconnected conditions.

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Published on: October 23, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment with aging populations.
  • Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are chronic conditions contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality.
  • Older adults with type 2 diabetes exhibit an elevated risk for cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease.
  • To discuss the potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking diabetes and cognitive decline.
  • To explore therapeutic interventions and potential drug targets for managing these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the link between diabetes and cognitive function.
  • Analysis of proposed pathophysiological pathways.
  • Identification of therapeutic strategies and patented targets.

Main Results:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a recognized risk factor for AD and vascular dementia.
  • The association between diabetes and AD is notably stronger in individuals carrying the APOE ε4 allele.
  • Impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance are linked to poorer cognitive performance and increased risk of impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment, including AD, are intricately linked, with shared risk factors and potential common pathways.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms connecting diabetes and cognitive decline.
  • Identifying effective therapeutic interventions and novel drug targets is crucial for addressing this growing public health concern.