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Updated: May 13, 2026

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
Published on: May 15, 2019
Targets of anti-glucocorticoid therapy for stress-related diseases
Antonio Martocchia1, Manuela Stefanelli, Giulia M Falaschi
1Geriatric Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. a_martocchia@virgilio.it
Abstract:
The stress response during chronic conditions increases vulnerability to diseases through the activation of adaptive systems, in particular, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dysregulation in HPA activity (central and peripheral) has been reported in chronic diseases, like metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis-related disease, essential hypertension, dementia, depression, particularly during comorbid conditions. Different targets of anti-glucocorticoid treatment have been proposed, acting at supra-hypothalamic, HPA axis, glucocorticoid receptor and post-receptor levels. The recent promising patents on the therapy against glucocorticoid-mediated damage will be presented and discussed.
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