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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System

The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

Ethical Dilemmas I

Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
06:40

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Current issues in contraception.

Mary L Marnach1, Margaret E Long, Petra M Casey

  • 1Division of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. marnach.mary@mayo.edu

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|March 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers key contraception topics, including safety, efficacy, and noncontraceptive benefits. It addresses issues like migraines, obesity, menorrhagia, and long-acting reversible contraception trends.

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Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Clinical Gynecology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Contraceptive management requires integrating patient lifestyle, medical history, and method characteristics.
  • Clinical practice presents evolving challenges in contraceptive care.
  • Evidence-based guidance is crucial for optimizing contraceptive choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current, common clinical issues in contraception.
  • To synthesize evidence on safety, efficacy, and noncontraceptive benefits.
  • To highlight recent trends in contraceptive methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent clinical practice guidelines and research.
  • Synthesis of evidence on specific contraceptive scenarios.
  • Analysis of trends in long-acting reversible contraception (LARC).

Main Results:

  • Combined hormonal contraceptives and migraine with ischemic stroke risk require careful consideration.
  • Contraceptive efficacy and safety in obesity are addressed.
  • Intrauterine contraception is associated with reduced cervical cancer risk.
  • Venous thromboembolism risk with combined hormonal contraception is reviewed.
  • Contraceptives are effective for menorrhagia treatment.
  • Interactions between hormonal contraception and antidepressants (citalopram, escitalopram) are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized contraceptive counseling is essential.
  • Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) use is increasing.
  • Understanding method-specific risks and benefits optimizes patient outcomes.