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Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of polyhalo isophthalonitrile derivatives

Chao Huang1, Sheng-Jiao Yan, Neng-Qin He

  • 1Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|March 16, 2013
PubMed

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Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
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Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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