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Pulmonary malacoplakia in a child.

R W Byard1, P S Thorner, V Edwards

  • 1Department of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Pediatric Pathology
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
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Pulmonary malacoplakia, a rare lung condition, can affect immunocompromised children. This case adds malacoplakia to the differential diagnosis for nodular lung infiltrates in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pulmonary malacoplakia is an exceptionally rare granulomatous disease, with only five adult cases previously documented.
  • The etiology of malacoplakia involves a defect in macrophage phagolysosome acidification, leading to undigested bacterial material within macrophages.

Observation:

  • A 6-year-old female with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission presented with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia and septicemia.
  • Imaging revealed nodular lung infiltrates, prompting further investigation.

Findings:

  • A diagnosis of pulmonary malacoplakia was confirmed in this pediatric patient.
  • This case represents the first reported instance of pulmonary malacoplakia in a pediatric patient.

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Implications:

  • Pulmonary malacoplakia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodular lung infiltrates in immunocompromised children.
  • This finding expands the known demographic for pulmonary malacoplakia and highlights its potential occurrence in pediatric oncology patients.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the pathogenesis and optimal management of malacoplakia in pediatric populations.