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Updated: May 13, 2026

Nondestructive Monitoring of Degradable Scaffold-Based Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Nondestructive Monitoring of Degradable Scaffold-Based Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: October 3, 2018

Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of endothelialized tissue-engineered constructs.

Sandra L Johnson¹

¹Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|March 16, 2013

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides crucial evaluation of endothelialization in tissue-engineered constructs. This study details preparation methods for SEM analysis applicable to diverse engineered tissues with surface endothelial cells.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cell Biology
Microscopy Techniques

Background:

Endothelialization is critical for the success of tissue-engineered constructs.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a key tool for assessing endothelial cell coverage.

Purpose of the Study:

To present standardized methodologies for preparing tissue-engineered constructs for SEM analysis.
To ensure broad applicability of these methods across various construct types.

Main Methods:

Detailed protocols for sample fixation and dehydration.
Specific techniques for preserving the endothelial cell layer during preparation.
Guidelines for mounting and imaging tissue-engineered constructs using SEM.

Main Results:

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Nondestructive Monitoring of Degradable Scaffold-Based Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Nondestructive Monitoring of Degradable Scaffold-Based Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: October 3, 2018

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Published on: September 9, 2016

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

Established reproducible methods for SEM sample preparation.
Demonstrated successful application of the methodologies to different tissue-engineered constructs.
Obtained high-resolution SEM images of endothelialized surfaces.

Conclusions:

The described methodologies facilitate robust SEM evaluation of endothelialization.
These techniques enhance the assessment of tissue-engineered construct quality.
Standardized SEM preparation improves comparability across studies.