Endothelial regulation of coronary microcirculation in health and cardiometabolic diseases

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Research
• Metabolic Disease Mechanisms
• Vascular Biology

Background:

• Cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperhomocysteinemia, are linked to impaired coronary microvascular function.
• This dysfunction contributes to reduced cardiac performance and increased patient mortality.
• Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for effective therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular pathomechanisms of impaired coronary vasomotor tone regulation in cardiometabolic disorders.
• To focus on both endothelium-dependent and flow-induced dysregulation.
• To identify potential new targets for cardiometabolic prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of existing animal experiments and human studies.
• Analysis of molecular signaling pathways involved in coronary dysfunction.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on the relationship between cardiometabolic disorders and coronary function.

Main Results:

• Cardiometabolic disorders disrupt normal coronary vasomotor tone regulation through various molecular pathways.
• Impaired endothelium-dependent and flow-induced responses are key features of this dysfunction.
• Specific signaling mechanisms contributing to coronary artery disease in these conditions have been identified.

Conclusions:

• Molecular pathomechanisms underlying coronary vasomotor tone dysregulation in cardiometabolic disorders are complex.
• Identifying these mechanisms offers opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.
• Targeting these pathways may improve prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases and their cardiac consequences.