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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Published on: February 21, 2015

Prenatal diagnosis by array-comparative genomic hybridization.

Lw Chan¹, Kw Choy, Ty Leung

¹The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Shatin, Hong Kong +852 2632 3099 ; +852 2636 0008 ; richardchoy@cuhk.edu.hk.

Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics

|March 19, 2013

Summary

Array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) provides rapid, high-resolution analysis of DNA copy number variations for prenatal diagnosis. This advanced technique offers a comprehensive genome-wide view, improving genotype-phenotype correlations for fetal anomalies.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

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Area of Science:

Genetics
Genomics
Prenatal Diagnostics

Background:

Array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a high-resolution technique for analyzing DNA copy number variations.
Initially used in cancer research, aCGH has been applied to postnatal evaluations for developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current and potential applications of aCGH in prenatal diagnosis.
To compare aCGH with conventional prenatal diagnostic methods.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of aCGH versus traditional methods (e.g., G-banded analysis).
Evaluation of turnaround time, resolution, and cost-effectiveness.
Discussion of challenges and limitations associated with aCGH.

Main Results:

aCGH provides rapid, genome-wide DNA copy number variation analysis within 3 days, significantly faster than G-banded analysis (≥2 weeks).
Its superior resolution detects submicroscopic deletions/duplications and refines chromosomal aberration delineation, enhancing genotype-phenotype correlations.
Limitations include inability to detect balanced rearrangements or polyploidy and potential for unknown significance findings.

Conclusions:

aCGH offers significant advantages in speed and resolution for prenatal diagnosis.
Despite limitations, with proper counseling, aCGH is poised to become a primary diagnostic tool for pregnancies with fetal anomalies.
Improved genotype-phenotype correlation aids in managing pregnancies with identified sonographic anomalies.