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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Ising ferromagnet in dimension five: link and spin overlaps.

P H Lundow1, I A Campbell

  • 1Department of Theoretical Physics, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Extensive simulations reveal critical behaviors in Ising ferromagnets using link and spin overlap distributions. These findings at the ordering temperature offer new insights for both ferromagnetism and spin glass studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • The Ising model is a fundamental model in statistical mechanics used to study magnetism.
  • Overlap measurements are standard in spin glass research but less common in ferromagnet simulations.
  • Understanding critical phenomena in magnetic systems is crucial for materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of "two replica" overlap measurements in Ising ferromagnet simulations.
  • To identify critical behaviors associated with the ordering temperature in a five-dimensional Ising ferromagnet.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for both ferromagnetism and spin glass physics.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive computer simulations of a five-dimensional, near-neighbor-interaction Ising ferromagnet.
  • Measurement of link overlap and spin overlap distributions.
  • Analysis of moments and moment ratios (variance, kurtosis, skewness) of these distributions.

Main Results:

  • Clear critical behaviors were observed in the moments and moment ratios of both link and spin overlap distributions at the known ordering temperature.
  • The kurtosis and skewness of the link overlap distribution showed distinct peaks at criticality.
  • The study demonstrates the applicability of overlap measurements beyond spin glasses.

Conclusions:

  • Overlap distribution moments and ratios exhibit critical behavior in Ising ferromagnets, analogous to spin glasses.
  • Link overlap measurements, particularly their kurtosis and skewness at criticality, provide valuable insights into magnetic phase transitions.
  • These findings suggest that overlap effects are general in Ising ferromagnets across dimensions and have implications for spin glass theory.