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Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws of electricity and...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

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Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
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Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

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Published on: May 7, 2017

Faraday waves under time-reversed excitation.

Dirk Pietschmann1, Ralf Stannarius, Christian Wagner

  • 1Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parametrically driven systems, like Faraday waves, are insensitive to time-reversed excitations regarding stability thresholds. However, pattern selection above threshold does distinguish between these mirrored functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Pattern formation

Background:

  • Parametrically driven systems exhibit complex behaviors under periodic excitation.
  • Faraday waves, a classic example, arise from exciting a fluid surface.
  • Understanding system response to time-symmetric excitations is crucial for nonlinear dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether parametrically driven systems differentiate between time-mirrored periodic excitations.
  • To analyze the stability thresholds and pattern selection of Faraday waves under such excitations.
  • To explore the implications of time-inversion symmetry in dynamic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of Faraday waves in a Newtonian fluid.
  • Excitation using superimposed harmonic waveforms.
  • Analysis of ground state stability thresholds.
  • Investigation of pattern selection above the instability threshold.

Main Results:

  • The threshold parameters for ground state stability are insensitive to time inversion of the driving function.
  • This insensitivity to time-mirrored excitation is a shared property with electroconvection in liquid crystals.
  • Pattern selection of Faraday waves above threshold discriminates between time-mirrored excitation functions.

Conclusions:

  • The specific structure of the differential equations governs the observed time-inversion symmetry in stability.
  • Faraday wave systems demonstrate a dual response: stability insensitivity but pattern selection sensitivity to time-mirrored excitations.
  • This highlights a peculiar symmetry in certain dynamic systems' response to excitation.