Acute stroke imaging: what clinicians need to know.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Radiology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Technological advancements have introduced new imaging modalities and strategies for evaluating acute cerebral infarction.
• Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are standard stroke imaging studies.
• These are complemented by CT/MR angiography, diffusion-weighted MRI, and perfusion studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the spectrum of imaging studies available in the acute stroke setting.
• To discuss the utility and main findings associated with each imaging modality.
• To guide the appropriate selection and timing of imaging studies for acute stroke.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current neuroimaging techniques for acute stroke.
• Discussion of the diagnostic value and key findings of each modality.
• Analysis of clinical scenarios for optimal imaging study selection.

Main Results:

• Routine CT and MRI are foundational, with advanced techniques like CT/MR angiography and diffusion-weighted MRI providing crucial information.
• Cerebral perfusion studies offer insights into tissue viability.
• Conventional angiography remains primarily for therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

• A clear understanding of available neuroimaging modalities is essential for acute stroke diagnosis and management.
• The choice of imaging depends on clinical presentation and the information required.
• Integrated use of various imaging techniques improves patient evaluation in acute cerebral infarction.