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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Model for Encephalomyosynangiosis Treatment after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Stroke in Mice

A Model for Encephalomyosynangiosis Treatment after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Stroke in Mice

Published on: June 22, 2022

Migraine improves after ischemic stroke.

Bruno Censori¹, Tania Partziguian, Marco Poloni

¹USC Neurologia, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association

|March 19, 2013

Summary

Migraine frequency significantly decreases after ischemic stroke, with over half of patients experiencing complete remission within six months. This natural improvement in migraine suggests potential bias in studies evaluating patent foramen ovale closure efficacy post-stroke.

Keywords:

Migraine ischemic stroke patent foramen ovale

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

A Model for Encephalomyosynangiosis Treatment after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Stroke in Mice

A Model for Encephalomyosynangiosis Treatment after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Stroke in Mice

Published on: June 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Neurology
Cardiology
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is associated with reduced migraine frequency.
Many PFO closures occur post-ischemic stroke, raising the question of spontaneous migraine improvement after stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether migraine frequency naturally changes following an ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of patients with ischemic stroke and active migraine.
Comparison of migraine frequency at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months post-stroke.

Main Results:

Migraine attacks per month decreased from 2.9 pre-stroke to 0.7 at 6 months and 0.6 at 1 year post-stroke (P<.0001).
Complete migraine disappearance occurred in 53.5% of patients at 6 months and 55.0% at 1 year.
Significant improvement (≥50% reduction or complete disappearance) was observed in 79.1% at 6 months and 82.5% at 1 year.

Conclusions:

Ischemic stroke is frequently followed by substantial and lasting migraine improvement.
Potential causes for improvement include lifestyle changes, psychological status, medications, platelet activation, or altered vasoreactivity.
Findings suggest that studies on PFO closure efficacy for migraine in stroke patients may be confounded by a lack of control groups.