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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
06:08

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Published on: May 19, 2023

EBF2 determines and maintains brown adipocyte identity.

Sona Rajakumari1, Jun Wu, Jeff Ishibashi

  • 1Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Cell Metabolism
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Early B cell factor-2 (Ebf2) controls brown versus white adipocyte identity by regulating the master transcription factor Pparγ. Ebf2 is crucial for brown fat cell fate, function, and thermogenic capacity.

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Published on: May 19, 2023

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Differentiation and Imaging of Brown Adipocytes from the Stromal Vascular Fraction of Interscapular Adipose Tissue from Newborn Mice
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Differentiation and Imaging of Brown Adipocytes from the Stromal Vascular Fraction of Interscapular Adipose Tissue from Newborn Mice

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Adipocyte biology
  • Molecular endocrinology
  • Transcriptional regulation

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation.
  • The specific roles of Pparγ in determining brown versus white adipocyte characteristics remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of early B cell factor-2 (Ebf2) in regulating Pparγ activity and adipocyte lineage determination.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Ebf2 influences brown adipose tissue (BAT) specific gene expression and function.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide ChIP-Seq to identify Pparγ binding sites in brown adipose tissue.
  • Analysis of Ebf DNA-binding motifs enrichment in Pparγ-bound regions.
  • Expression analysis of Ebf isoforms in brown and white adipocytes.
  • Functional studies involving Ebf2 expression in myoblasts and white preadipose cells.
  • Assessment of brown adipose cell and tissue characteristics in Ebf2-deficient mice.

Main Results:

  • Ebf DNA-binding motifs were enriched in brown adipose-specific Pparγ binding sites.
  • Ebf2 expression was selective for brown adipocytes and bound to brown-selective Pparγ target genes.
  • Ebf2 expression reprogrammed cells to a brown fat fate by recruiting Pparγ to brown-selective sites.
  • Ebf2 deficiency resulted in loss of brown fat characteristics and thermogenic capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Ebf2 acts as a key transcriptional regulator that dictates brown versus white adipocyte identity.
  • Ebf2 modulates Pparγ binding activity to establish brown fat-specific gene expression programs.
  • Ebf2 is essential for the maintenance of brown adipose tissue function and thermogenesis.