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Related Experiment Videos

Squid retinochrome.

L Sperling, R Hubbard

    The Journal of General Physiology
    |February 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Retinochrome, a cephalopod visual pigment, utilizes all-trans retinal as its chromophore, unlike rhodopsin. This pigment exhibits unique light-induced isomerization and dark reversion, with its chromophoric site showing high reactivity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Photobiology
    • Vision Science

    Background:

    • Retinochrome is a photosensitive pigment found in cephalopod visual cells.
    • Its chromophore is all-trans retinal, which undergoes light isomerization to 11-cis retinal.
    • This process is the reverse of the situation in rhodopsin.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the properties and reactivity of retinochrome.
    • To explore the interaction of retinochrome with different chromophores and its spectral characteristics.
    • To understand the dark reversion and chromophore exchange capabilities of retinochrome.

    Main Methods:

    • Spectroscopic analysis of retinochrome under varying pH conditions.
    • Chemical reactions with hydroxylamine and sodium borohydride to assess chromophoric site reactivity.

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  • Incubation experiments with all-trans retinal and all-trans 3-dehydroretinal to study chromophore exchange.

    • Main Results:

    • Retinochrome's 11-cis photoproduct slowly reverts to retinochrome in the dark.
    • The chromophoric site is highly reactive, undergoing oxime formation and reduction.
    • pH-dependent spectral shifts (λmax 500-515 nm) and reversible changes were observed.
    • Retinal and 3-dehydroretinal can reversibly replace each other as chromophores in retinochrome.

    Conclusions:

    • Retinochrome exhibits unique photochemical properties distinct from rhodopsin.
    • Its chromophoric site demonstrates significant reactivity and flexibility.
    • The ability of retinal and 3-dehydroretinal to substitute as chromophores highlights the adaptability of the retinochrome system.