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Related Concept Videos

Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Extracting Metrics for Three-dimensional Root Systems: Volume and Surface Analysis from In-soil X-ray Computed Tomography Data
09:37

Extracting Metrics for Three-dimensional Root Systems: Volume and Surface Analysis from In-soil X-ray Computed Tomography Data

Published on: April 26, 2016

Three-dimensional numerical model for soil vapor extraction.

Van Thinh Nguyen1, Lian Zhao, Richard G Zytner

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) effectiveness is limited by mass transfer. A new 3D model shows that transient mass transfer, not an average, is key to understanding SVE tailing and improving remediation.

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Two-Dimensional Visualization and Quantification of Labile, Inorganic Plant Nutrients and Contaminants in Soil

Published on: September 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Mass transfer limitations significantly affect the efficiency of soil vapor extraction (SVE).
  • Tailing, a common issue in SVE, is often caused by these mass transfer limitations.
  • Understanding the governing mass transfer processes is crucial for optimizing SVE performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and calibrate a three-dimensional numerical model for SVE.
  • To identify the key mass transfer processes governing SVE effectiveness and tailing.
  • To evaluate the suitability of averaged versus transient mass transfer coefficients.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 3D SVE numerical model using the finite element method (Comsol Multiphysics).
  • Incorporation of multi-phase flow, multi-component transport, and non-equilibrium transient mass transfer.
  • Calibration of the model against experimental data from lab-scale reactor experiments.

Main Results:

  • The developed 3D-SVE model accurately simulates laboratory findings.
  • A single averaged mass transfer value is insufficient to represent the entire SVE operation.
  • A transient mass transfer coefficient is necessary for a complete representation of SVE tailing.

Conclusions:

  • The primary mass transfer occurs between the Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) and the vapor phase.
  • Transient mass transfer coefficients are essential for accurately modeling SVE tailing.
  • The 3D-SVE model provides a valuable tool for investigating and improving SVE operations.