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Breathing pattern in chronic quadriplegia.

B M Loveridge1, H I Dubo

  • 1Spinal Cord Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|June 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Chronic quadriplegics exhibit a rapid, shallow breathing pattern due to paralysis of chest muscles. Despite reduced lung function, they can still sigh, indicating preserved sighing mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Quadriplegia, resulting from spinal cord injury, significantly impacts respiratory function due to paralysis of respiratory muscles.
  • Understanding the chronic effects of high spinal cord injuries on breathing patterns is crucial for patient management and therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the resting breathing patterns and respiratory mechanics in chronic C6-C7 quadriplegics with healthy controls.
  • To investigate the impact of paralysis on lung volumes, capacities, and breathing timing.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed resting breathing patterns for 20 minutes in seated quadriplegic and control groups using strain gauges and computer analysis.
  • Measured forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), inspiratory capacity (IC), and maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (Pimax).

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  • Analyzed inspiratory time (Ti), expiratory time (Te), tidal volume (Vt), and breathing variability.

    • Main Results:

    • Quadriplegics showed significantly reduced FVC, IC, Pimax, and tidal volume (Vt).
    • Breathing frequency was significantly elevated in quadriplegics, resulting in a rapid, shallow breathing pattern.
    • Despite reduced lung function, quadriplegics maintained normal inspiratory time (Ti) and sighing frequency.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic high-level quadriplegia leads to a rapid, shallow breathing pattern primarily due to mechanical limitations from respiratory muscle paralysis.
    • The ability to sigh is preserved, suggesting that chest wall afferents may not be essential for sigh generation.
    • Findings highlight the significant respiratory compromises in quadriplegia and the potential for preserved reflex mechanisms.