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Updated: May 13, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
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Spinal cord stimulation in cluster headache.

Tilman Wolter1, Holger Kaube

  • 1Interdisciplinary Pain Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. tilman.wolter@uniklinik-freiburg.de

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Neurostimulation offers new hope for chronic cluster headache (CCH). Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) is a proven treatment, while spinal cord stimulation (SCS) shows emerging promise for refractory cases.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Chronic cluster headache (CCH) is a debilitating primary headache syndrome.
  • Refractory CCH poses significant treatment challenges.
  • Neurostimulation is an evolving therapeutic modality for CCH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current clinical research on neurostimulation for CCH.
  • To compare the efficacy and limitations of occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS).
  • To discuss emerging neurostimulation techniques for CCH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical studies and literature on neurostimulation for CCH.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes and patient-reported benefits of ONS and SCS.

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  • Comparative assessment of the pros and cons of different neurostimulation approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) demonstrates favorable clinical results for refractory CCH.
    • ONS is increasingly adopted in specialized centers for CCH management.
    • Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation are emerging as promising alternatives.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurostimulation techniques, particularly ONS, are effective for managing refractory CCH.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of SCS and other emerging techniques.
    • These advancements offer new hope for patients with chronic cluster headaches.