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Related Experiment Video

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High-Throughput Assays of Critical Thermal Limits in Insects

High-Throughput Assays of Critical Thermal Limits in Insects

Published on: June 15, 2020

Upward ant distribution shift corresponds with minimum, not maximum, temperature tolerance.

Robert J Warren¹, Lacy Chick

¹Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA. hexastylis@gmail.com

Global Change Biology

|March 19, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rising minimum temperatures are causing the warm-adapted ant species Aphaenogaster rudis to move upslope and displace the cold-adapted Aphaenogaster picea, impacting forest ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Climate Change Biology
Zoology

Background:

Species distribution shifts are often attributed to climate change, but other factors can mimic these patterns.
Establishing climate causation requires linking species distributions, regional climate trends, and physiological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate a 38-year elevation shift between two closely related ant species, Aphaenogaster picea and Aphaenogaster rudis.
To determine if climate change, specifically rising temperatures, is the driver of observed distribution shifts.

Main Methods:

Analyzed a 38-year period (1974-2012) of elevation ecotone shifts between A. picea and A. rudis in the Appalachian Mountains.
Examined regional temperature trends (mean, maximum, minimum) during the study period.
Conducted thermal tolerance testing on collected ant specimens to assess physiological responses to temperature extremes.

Main Results:

A. rudis, the warm-habitat species, significantly moved upward in elevation, replacing A. picea, the cold-habitat species.
Regional mean and maximum temperatures remained stable, but minimum temperatures increased.
A. rudis exhibited a higher thermal tolerance limit (2°C higher) than A. picea, with acclimatization observed along the elevation gradient.

Conclusions:

Increasing minimum temperatures are enabling A. rudis to expand its range upslope, displacing A. picea.
These climate-driven shifts in dominant seed-dispersing ants have potential cascading effects on plant-ant interactions in eastern deciduous forests.