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Related Concept Videos

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
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Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
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Multi-Scale Continuum Modeling of Biological Processes: From Molecular Electro-Diffusion to Sub-Cellular Signaling

Y Cheng1, P Kekenes-Huskey, Je Hake

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Computational Science & Discovery
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multi-scale modeling using SMOL simulates molecular and cellular processes in heart muscle cells. It reveals how calcium dynamics are affected by protein interactions and mutations, crucial for understanding cellular function.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cellular modeling

Background:

  • Understanding cellular signaling requires integrating molecular and sub-cellular dynamics.
  • Existing models often lack the resolution to capture molecular interactions influencing cellular behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and apply multi-scale modeling techniques from molecular to cellular scales.
  • To investigate calcium (Ca2+) signaling in heart muscle cells using computational simulations.
  • To explore the impact of molecular properties and mutations on cellular Ca2+ dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a finite element-based simulation package (SMOL) for numerical solutions.
  • Applied time-dependent Smoluchowski equations for molecular-scale binding kinetics.
  • Solved reaction-diffusion systems for sub-cellular Ca2+ dynamics in myocyte geometries.

Main Results:

  • Experimentally-validated association rates for acetylcholine-acetylcholinesterase binding.
  • Demonstrated the influence of enzyme electrostatics on ligand binding rates.
  • Identified the critical roles of mobile/stationary Ca2+ buffers and troponin C (TnC) in modulating Ca2+ signals.
  • Predicted altered cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics due to TnC mutations or altered binding rates.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-scale modeling provides a powerful framework for linking molecular events to cellular function.
  • Calcium buffering and troponin C kinetics are key determinants of cardiac myocyte Ca2+ signaling.
  • Computational approaches can elucidate disease mechanisms related to protein mutations affecting Ca2+ handling.