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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

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Personality encompasses a set of enduring traits and behavioral patterns that define how individuals think, feel, and interact, ultimately shaping their unique identities. The concept of personality has deep historical roots, deriving from the Latin term "persona," which means "mask." This term initially referred to the roles played by actors in ancient theater, signifying the different facets individuals display in various contexts.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

Assessing change in a personality profile.

Jonathan S Gore¹, Susan E Cross, Daniel W Russell

¹Eastern Kentucky University, USA. jonathan.gore@eku.edu

The American Journal of Psychology

|March 20, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study evaluated six methods for assessing personality profile changes in college students. The bivariate and intraclass coefficients demonstrated consistent validity for measuring personality shifts over time.

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Published on: March 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Psychology
Personality Science

Background:

Assessing personality change is crucial for understanding individual development.
Existing methods for measuring personality profile changes vary in validity.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the validity of six distinct methods for assessing changes in personality profiles.
To determine which methods are most reliable for tracking personality shifts over time.

Main Methods:

372 college students completed personality measures within their first two months of college.
300 students completed a second set of measures eight weeks later.
60 students completed a third assessment during their second semester.

Main Results:

The bivariate and intraclass change coefficients exhibited consistent convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity.
These two methods proved reliable across different time points during the academic year.

Conclusions:

The bivariate and intraclass coefficients are recommended for assessing personality profile changes.
Understanding the limitations and appropriate use of these coefficients is essential for researchers.