Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Published on: June 8, 2013
Anatomical study of the recurrent flaps of the upper arm
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Toho University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
In this paper the vascular anatomy of recurrent flaps of the upper arm is described, based on dissections of 16 cadavers, in which the anterior ulnar recurrent (AURA), posterior ulnar recurrent (PURA), radial recurrent (RRA) and interosseous recurrent (IRA) arteries were dissected. Anastomoses between the recurrent arteries and the corresponding collateral arteries were investigated. In two-thirds of the 16 cadavers the AURA, PURA and RRA showed direct communication with the corresponding collateral arteries; the IRA exhibited less well-defined communication in 15 of the cadavers. In cases with direct communication, recurrent flaps should be approached as axial flaps including the territories of the collateral vessels; in cases of less well-defined communication, the flap should be raised with a wide pedicle in order to obtain additional arterial input from the rete cubiti.
Related Concept Videos
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Muscles that Move the Arm
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs

