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Mindfulness in Motion (MIM): An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

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Healthy work revisited: do changes in time strain predict well-being?

Phyllis Moen¹, Erin L Kelly, Jack Lam

¹Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. phylmoen@umn.edu

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology

|March 20, 2013

Summary

This study examined time strain and employee health. Implementing a Results-Only Work Environment (ROWE) improved time control, positively impacting employee well-being and reducing distress.

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health Psychology
Organizational Behavior
Workplace Well-being Studies

Background:

Time strain, encompassing work-time demands and control, is a critical factor influencing employee health.
Previous research by Karasek and Theorell (1990) established foundational theories on work stress and health.
Understanding the interplay between work conditions, time strain, and health outcomes is essential for effective workplace interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between time strain (work-time demands and control) and seven self-reported health outcomes.
To evaluate the impact of the Results-Only Work Environment (ROWE) intervention on time strain and subsequent health changes.
To demonstrate the significance of incorporating time strain into occupational health research.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study design using survey data from 550 white-collar employees.
Data collected at two time points: pre-intervention and 6 months post-intervention.
Statistical modeling to analyze the effects of time strain and the ROWE intervention on health outcomes, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

Cross-sectional analysis indicated psychological time demands and control were associated with health outcomes.
The ROWE intervention increased time control (time adequacy and schedule control) but did not alter psychological time demands.
Increases in time adequacy and psychological time demands predicted significant changes in both positive (energy, mastery) and negative (exhaustion, distress) health outcomes.

Conclusions:

Time strain is a valuable construct for understanding the health effects of job conditions.
Interventions like ROWE can positively influence aspects of time control, impacting employee health.
Further longitudinal research on time strain and intervention development for diverse worker populations is warranted.