How to use outcomes questionnaires: pearls and pitfalls
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Updated: May 13, 2026

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
Published on: June 21, 2010
1Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Health System, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, 2130 Taubman Center, SPC 5340, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0340, USA.
Abstract:
Patient-reported outcomes serve as an essential and perhaps more relevant means for assessing patients' response to treatment than clinical measures alone. Many of the procedures performed in plastic surgery are associated with aesthetic outcomes. Therefore, it is pertinent to thoroughly understand the patient's perspective of achieved results. Surgeons need to possess knowledge and skills about outcomes assessments and understand how to apply them to improve quality of care delivered based on evidence. This article discusses the appropriate use of outcome questionnaires to rigorously evaluate treatment methods based on patient satisfaction and the outcome measurement instruments frequently used in plastic surgery.
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Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...
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