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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

Biological Methods for Microbial Control

Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus
06:28

Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus

Published on: October 1, 2015

Lactoferrin: Antimicrobial activity and therapeutic potential.

Nicholas D Embleton1, Janet E Berrington1, William McGuire2

  • 1Newcastle Neonatal Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK; Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|March 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Bovine lactoferrin shows promise for preterm infants, potentially reducing infections and gut issues. This review explores its structure, immune effects, and clinical trial data for therapeutic use.

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Production and Visualization of Bacterial Spheroplasts and Protoplasts to Characterize Antimicrobial Peptide Localization
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Published on: August 11, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus
06:28

Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus

Published on: October 1, 2015

Production and Visualization of Bacterial Spheroplasts and Protoplasts to Characterize Antimicrobial Peptide Localization
10:13

Production and Visualization of Bacterial Spheroplasts and Protoplasts to Characterize Antimicrobial Peptide Localization

Published on: August 11, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Lactoferrin is an evolutionarily conserved protein vital for infection protection and nutritional status.
  • Infection, malnutrition, and intestinal pathologies pose significant threats to preterm infants, impacting long-term health.
  • Bovine lactoferrin extract is a potential therapeutic for preterm infants, targeting infections and intestinal issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, antimicrobial effects, immune modulation, and gastrointestinal impacts of lactoferrin.
  • To analyze current clinical trial data on lactoferrin interventions in preterm infants.
  • To identify research priorities and challenges in utilizing lactoferrin for preterm infant health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of lactoferrin's properties and functions.
  • Analysis of existing clinical trial outcomes.
  • Discussion of research gaps and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Lactoferrin exhibits direct antimicrobial properties and modulates host immune responses.
  • Evidence suggests potential benefits in managing infections and intestinal pathologies in preterm infants.
  • Current data highlights the need for further research to optimize therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Lactoferrin is a promising therapeutic agent for preterm infants, addressing critical health challenges.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate optimal dosing, efficacy, and safety profiles.
  • Lactoferrin holds potential to improve survival and long-term health outcomes in vulnerable preterm populations.