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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E virus infection.

Nassim Kamar1, Jacques Izopet, Lionel Rostaing

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Organ Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France. kamar.n@chu-toulouse.fr

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|March 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is underdiagnosed and evolving, causing liver and other organ damage. New genotypes and treatments like pegylated interferon offer hope for managing this global disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection spectrum is changing globally, particularly in developed nations.
  • HEV is often underdiagnosed due to limitations in serological assay sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding HEV epidemiology.
  • To summarize current knowledge on hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of HEV.
  • To discuss contemporary treatment strategies for HEV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published within the last two years.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes.
  • Synthesis of information on novel HEV genotypes and diagnostic challenges.

Main Results:

  • Several new HEV genotypes have been identified, expanding the known viral spectrum.
  • HEV infection can progress to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunocompromised individuals (organ transplant, chemotherapy, HIV patients).
  • Extrahepatic manifestations include neurological symptoms, renal impairment, and hematological disorders.
  • Pegylated interferon and ribavirin demonstrate efficacy in treating HEV infection.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E virus is a significant global health concern.
  • HEV infection can lead to both hepatic and diverse extrahepatic complications.
  • Effective treatment options are available for HEV.