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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model
06:54

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model

Published on: August 22, 2015

Estimating atomic sizes with Raman spectroscopy.

Dingdi Wang1, Wenhao Guo, Juanmei Hu

  • 1Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

Scientific Reports
|March 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers optically measured the Van der Waals radius of iodine atoms using Raman spectroscopy within nano-channels. This novel technique determined the iodine atomic radius to be 2.10±0.05 Å.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Determining atomic radii, especially Van der Waals radii, is crucial for understanding interatomic interactions.
  • Traditional methods for measuring atomic sizes often have limitations, particularly for elements like iodine.
  • Confining atoms within nanostructures can alter their properties and provide unique insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel optical technique for determining the Van der Waals radius of iodine atoms.
  • To investigate the influence of nano-confinement on the vibrational properties of iodine molecules.
  • To establish a new method for optically resolving atomic sizes beyond the diffraction limit.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing polarized Raman spectroscopy to probe confined iodine molecules within zeolite nano-channels.
  • Analyzing the vibrational quantum states of iodine molecules based on Raman spectra.
  • Correlating spectral data with the dimensions of the nano-channels to estimate atomic radius.

Main Results:

  • The polarized Raman spectra of confined iodine molecules showed significant modifications due to interactions with the zeolite nano-channel walls.
  • The number of excitable vibrational quantum states was determined from the obtained Raman spectra.
  • An iodine atomic radius of 2.10±0.05 Å was estimated based on confinement effects and spectral analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy, aided by nano-scale structures, can optically resolve atomic sizes beyond the conventional optical diffraction limit.
  • This study presents the first optical measurement of the Van der Waals radius of iodine atoms using this technique.
  • The findings open new avenues for optically probing and characterizing atomic and molecular properties in confined environments.