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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

One identity or more for telomeres?

Marie-Josèphe Giraud-Panis1, Sabrina Pisano, Delphine Benarroch-Popivker

  • 1Faculté de Médecine de Nice, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice, UMR 7284 CNRS, U1081 INSERM Nice, France.

Frontiers in Oncology
|March 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Telomeres, the protective caps on chromosomes, form complex networks of DNA, RNA, and proteins. These structures ensure chromosome integrity and stability across cell cycles and during perturbations.

Keywords:
DNA topologycapping complexestelomerestelomeric chromatin organization

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Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization
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Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization
11:29

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Published on: July 10, 2017

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
12:08

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Telomere integrity is crucial for chromosome protection.
  • Diverse nucleoprotein complexes exist at telomeres across organisms.
  • Understanding common structural identities is key to telomere function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare the structure of telomeric nucleoprotein complexes across different organisms.
  • To link telomere structure to telomere biology and function.
  • To discuss telomere adaptation to DNA topological stress.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative review of existing literature on telomere structure and function.
  • Analysis of DNA-RNA-protein interactions within telomeric complexes.
  • Discussion of topological stress management in telomeres.

Main Results:

  • Telomeres comprise intricate networks of DNA, RNA, and protein interactions.
  • These interactions reinforce each other, ensuring robust telomeric functions.
  • Telomeres possess specific systems to manage topological stress during replication and transcription.

Conclusions:

  • Telomeric complexes exhibit a conserved structural basis for chromosome protection.
  • The regulation of DNA topology is central to telomere stability and function.
  • A revised understanding of telomeric complex functioning is needed, emphasizing topological regulation.