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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Coordinated changes in DNA methylation in antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells.

Shin-ichi Hashimoto1, Katsumi Ogoshi, Atsushi Sasaki

  • 1Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. hashimot@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|March 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals genome-wide DNA methylation changes in memory CD4(+) T cells during differentiation. These epigenetic modifications, particularly in introns, influence immune responses and T cell subset identity.

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Identification of Rare Antigen-Specific T Cells from Mouse Lungs with Peptide:Major Histocompatibility Complex Tetramers
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Memory CD4(+) T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity, coordinating both humoral and cellular responses.
  • T cell differentiation involves epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, impacting gene expression.
  • Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in memory CD4(+) T cells were previously uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation landscape of memory CD4(+) T cells.
  • To identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with T cell differentiation and function.
  • To explore the relationship between DNA methylation, enhancer activity, and T cell subset identity.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted methylome and transcriptome analyses on memory CD4(+) T cells derived from TCR-transgenic mice.
  • Identified genome-wide DMRs during T cell differentiation.
  • Compared methylation profiles between naive and antigen-specific memory T cells.

Main Results:

  • Discovered 1144 genome-wide DMRs during T cell differentiation, with 552 linked to gene loci, predominantly in introns.
  • Identified DMRs in genes like CXCR6, Tbox21, Chsy1, and Cish, involved in immune regulation and homing.
  • Observed that methylation changes primarily affect enhancer activity, not promoter activity, of immune-related genes.
  • Found distinct methylation profiles among memory T cell subsets, correlating with differentiation status.

Conclusions:

  • Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis provides a molecular signature for memory CD4(+) T cells.
  • Epigenetic modifications in memory T cells regulate immune responses and T cell subset specificity.
  • This study offers novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of memory T cell function.