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Abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertension.

P D Reaven1, E L Barrett-Connor, D K Browner

  • 1Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0607.

Diabetes Care
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance, including impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), exhibit significantly higher blood pressure. These findings highlight a crucial link between glucose metabolism and hypertension risk.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Abnormal glucose tolerance is a growing public health concern.
  • Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • The relationship between glucose metabolism and blood pressure regulation requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between abnormal glucose tolerance and the prevalence of hypertension and postural hypotension.
  • To determine if impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is linked to elevated blood pressure.
  • To assess the correlation between glucose levels and blood pressure parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 2480 men and women aged 50-89 years.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed to assess glucose metabolism.
  • Supine, seated, and standing blood pressure measurements were taken to evaluate hypertension and postural hypotension.

    • Main Results:

    • Adults with impaired glucose tolerance or NIDDM showed statistically and clinically significant increases in mean blood pressure (3-12 mmHg) compared to those with normal glucose tolerance.
    • These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, obesity, and antihypertensive medication use.
    • Higher rates of systolic hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension were observed in individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance.
    • Systolic blood pressure demonstrated a significant correlation with fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose levels.
    • Postural hypotension prevalence did not significantly differ based on glucose tolerance status.

    Conclusions:

    • Abnormal glucose tolerance, including impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM, is independently associated with increased mean blood pressure and systolic hypertension.
    • Glucose metabolism plays a significant role in blood pressure regulation, independent of common confounding factors.
    • These findings underscore the importance of managing glucose levels to mitigate cardiovascular risk.