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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Multiple sclerosis and fracture.

Suhong Ye1, Rendi Wu, Jie Wu

  • 1Department of Neurology, JinHua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, China. jhyyysh@126.com

The International Journal of Neuroscience
|March 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients face a higher risk of fractures and osteoporosis. This review explores the causes and potential treatments for fractures in individuals with MS.

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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system disease affecting young adults.
  • Emerging research suggests a link between MS and increased fracture risk and osteoporosis.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and identify the fracture risk in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.
  • To investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms contributing to fractures in MS.
  • To explore potential interventions for managing fractures in this population.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a comprehensive literature review.
  • Data was gathered from recent research articles and clinical studies.
  • The review focuses on epidemiological data, mechanistic studies, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Multiple sclerosis is associated with an elevated risk of fractures.
  • Pathogenic mechanisms may involve disease-related factors (e.g., mobility impairment, falls) and treatment side effects.
  • Osteoporosis is a significant comorbidity that exacerbates fracture risk.

Conclusions:

  • Fracture risk is a serious concern for individuals with multiple sclerosis.
  • A multifactorial approach is needed to address bone health in MS patients.
  • Further research into targeted interventions is warranted to prevent and treat fractures in MS.