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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

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Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Published on: February 17, 2018

Syncope in patients with structural heart disease.

David O Arnar1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. davidar@landspitali.is

Journal of Internal Medicine
|March 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Syncope, a common fainting condition, can stem from benign causes or serious heart issues. Identifying structural heart disease is crucial as it predicts poor outcomes and sudden cardiac death risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Syncope is a frequent clinical presentation with diverse etiologies.
  • While often benign, syncope can indicate serious underlying conditions, including cardiac disorders.
  • Structural heart disease in syncope patients is linked to adverse prognosis and sudden cardiac death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of cardiac evaluation in syncope patients.
  • To emphasize the association between structural heart disease and poor outcomes in syncope.
  • To guide clinicians in considering cardiac causes during syncope assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of syncope.
  • Correlation of syncope with cardiac structural abnormalities.
  • Assessment of prognostic implications of cardiac disease in syncope.

Main Results:

  • Structural heart disease is a critical factor in syncope prognosis.
  • The presence of structural heart disease predicts increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
  • Clinical history, physical exam, and ECG findings guide cardiac evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac evaluation is essential for syncope patients, especially those with suspected structural heart disease.
  • Early identification of cardiac disorders can mitigate risks associated with syncope.
  • Comprehensive assessment including ECG is vital for managing syncope effectively.