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Ethical Standards II01:23

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Secrecy and medicines.

C Medawar1

  • 1Social Audit Ltd., P.O. Box 111, London NW1 8XE, UK.

The International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine
|March 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secrecy in medicine hinders patient understanding and effective healthcare participation. Openness in UK drug regulation is limited, with authorities often refusing data disclosure.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Health Policy
  • Drug Regulation

Background:

  • A pervasive culture of secrecy in medicine impedes honest self-assessment and patient engagement.
  • This secrecy negatively impacts medical relationships, scientific integrity, decision-making, and patient empowerment.
  • Lack of information hinders individuals and communities from actively participating in health planning and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the extent of openness in UK medicine, particularly in drug regulation.
  • To assess the utility of the Code of Practice on Access to Government Information for obtaining health data.
  • To analyze the justifications provided by UK authorities for withholding information.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of attempts to access aggregated drug consumption data.
  • Case study analysis of attempts to access suspected adverse drug reaction reports.
  • Qualitative analysis of official reasons for information non-disclosure.

Main Results:

  • The UK's culture of openness in medicine, especially drug regulation, remains significantly underdeveloped.
  • The Code of Practice on Access to Government Information offers limited access to crucial health statistics.
  • Reasons cited for data refusal by UK authorities were found to be questionable and inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • A deep-rooted culture of secrecy poses a significant barrier to advancing health and patient rights in the UK.
  • Enhanced transparency in drug regulation and data access is crucial for improving medical practice and public trust.
  • The current practices in UK drug regulation highlight the need for stronger policies promoting open access to medical information.