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Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements01:27

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
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Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Chronic lead exposure and pregnancy.

C Savona-Ventura1, M Sammut, G Ducoffre

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Luke's Hospital, Gwardamangia, Malta.

The International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine
|March 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chronic lead exposure in pregnancy may impact newborns. Higher blood lead levels (PbB) in neonates showed trends toward lower birth weight and longer labor, suggesting potential adverse effects.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neonatal Toxicology
  • Reproductive Toxicology

Background:

  • Lead is a toxic metal with known adverse health effects.
  • Prenatal exposure to environmental toxins is a growing public health concern.
  • Sub-toxic lead exposure during pregnancy may impact maternal and fetal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between chronic lead exposure and pregnancy outcomes.
  • To determine the effect of prenatal lead exposure on newborn health indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed blood lead levels (PbB) in cord blood of 82 newborns.
  • Analyzed correlations between PbB and newborn birth weight.
  • Examined the relationship between PbB and the duration of the first stage of spontaneous labor.

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Published on: August 25, 2014

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Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes
03:19

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Main Results:

  • 34.1% of neonates had PbB levels exceeding 200 μg/l.
  • Trends suggested a decrease in newborn birth weight with increasing PbB (r=-0.1445, P=0.207).
  • Trends indicated an increase in the duration of the first stage of labor with rising PbB (r=0.1385, P=0.3043).

Conclusions:

  • Chronic sub-toxic lead exposure during pregnancy may adversely affect neonates.
  • Lead's interference with enzymatic functions and mineral competition (calcium, zinc) may underlie these effects.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of lead's impact on pregnancy and newborns.