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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence its...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

Model-based drug development in oncology: what's next?

R Bruno1, F Mercier, L Claret

  • 1Pharsight, A Certara Company, Marseille and Wintzenheim, France. rbruno@certara.com

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|March 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Model-based tumor growth inhibition (TGI) metrics can improve early clinical trials. These models predict treatment effects on survival and aid in trial design and decision-making.

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
09:19

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Clinical Trial Design
  • Pharmacometrics

Background:

  • Early phase clinical studies require robust methods for evaluating treatment efficacy.
  • Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) is a key metric in cancer research.
  • Predictive modeling can enhance the interpretation of clinical trial data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of model-based tumor growth inhibition (TGI) metrics in early phase (Phase II) clinical studies.
  • To explore the potential of TGI metrics as predictive biomarkers for clinical outcomes.
  • To support decision-making processes in clinical trial design and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of mathematical models to estimate TGI metrics.
  • Simulation of independent studies to assess model performance.
  • Analysis of TGI metrics in relation to clinical outcome measures such as overall survival (OS).

Main Results:

  • Model-based TGI metrics demonstrate potential for enhancing learning in Phase II studies.
  • TGI metrics can serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment effects on overall survival.
  • Models can support Phase II study design, end-of-Phase II decisions, and Phase III planning.

Conclusions:

  • Model-based TGI estimation is a valuable tool for early clinical oncology research.
  • These models can improve the efficiency and informativeness of clinical trials.
  • Further assessment of models across diverse treatment mechanisms is warranted.