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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
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A novel colorimetric method for field arsenic speciation analysis.

Shan Hu1, Jinsuo Lu, Chuanyong Jing

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. hushan2000@l26.com

Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)
|March 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new colorimetric method accurately determines arsenic (As) concentration and speciation in the field. This rapid technique is ideal for environmental monitoring, especially in developing nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate on-site arsenic (As) determination and speciation is a significant environmental challenge, particularly for developing countries.
  • Routine field monitoring requires sensitive and precise analytical methods for arsenic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, precise, and field-deployable colorimetric method for determining total arsenic concentration and differentiating between arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) species.
  • To address the need for accessible arsenic monitoring in environmental samples.

Main Methods:

  • A novel colorimetric method utilizing potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as an oxidant for As(III) and methane-diamine-sulfur (CH4N2S) as a reductant for As(V).
  • Formation of molybdenum blue complexes for quantitative analysis.
  • Validation using high-performance liquid chromatography atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-AFS) for speciation analysis.

Main Results:

  • The method exhibits a low detection limit of 8 µg/L and a wide linear dynamic range (four orders of magnitude, R² = 0.998).
  • Field results for As speciation in groundwater samples showed excellent agreement with HPLC-AFS (slope 0.9990-0.9997, p < 0.0001).
  • High recovery rates (96%-116% for total As, 85%-122% for As(III), 88%-127% for As(V)) were achieved, with minimal interference from complex water matrices.

Conclusions:

  • The developed colorimetric method is accurate, sensitive, and suitable for on-site determination of arsenic concentration and speciation.
  • This method offers a practical solution for routine environmental monitoring and risk assessment, especially in resource-limited settings.
  • The technique effectively differentiates As(III) and As(V) in various water samples, including industrial wastewater.