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Training and oculoplastics: past, present and future.

George M Saleh1, Ioannis Athanasiadis, J Richard O Collin

  • 1National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom. george.saleh@moorfields.nhs.uk

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Ophthalmic plastic surgery, or oculoplastics, has evolved significantly since World War 2. Training programs have become more structured and recognized globally, reflecting the subspecialty

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • Oculoplastics emerged post-WW2 due to increased ophthalmic and oculoplastic trauma.
  • Early development involved dedicated forums and societies globally.
  • Specialist training programs for adnexal disorders developed in parallel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical development of ophthalmic plastic surgery training.
  • To describe the evolution of the oculoplastic subspecialty.
  • To analyze current global training paradigms in oculoplastics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search.
  • Consultation with oculoplastic societies and members.
  • Analysis of historical events and current training variations.

Main Results:

  • Formation of international oculoplastic societies (e.g., ASOPRS, ESOPRS).
  • Development of structured training programs and fellowships.
  • Regional variations in fellowship duration and subspecialization opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • Oculoplastic surgery is a recognized and growing subspecialty.
  • Training programs are becoming increasingly structured and globally standardized.
  • The field focuses on eyelid, lacrimal, and orbital care.