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Changes in arm coordination and stroke parameters on transition through the lactate threshold.

Pedro Figueiredo1, Pedro Morais, João Paulo Vilas-Boas

  • 1Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal. spafg@vofafone.pt

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Summary

High-level swimmers experience significant biomechanical and coordinative changes when surpassing their lactate threshold. These shifts in stroke mechanics and organization indicate a metabolic boundary between moderate and heavy swimming intensities.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The lactate threshold is a critical physiological marker in endurance sports.
  • Understanding changes in swimming mechanics around this threshold is vital for performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate energetic, biomechanical, and coordinative changes during the lactate threshold transition in swimmers.
  • To identify specific alterations in stroking parameters and coordination at varying swimming intensities.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve high-level swimmers underwent a paced intermittent incremental swimming protocol.
  • Video analysis assessed stroking parameters (stroke rate, stroke length) and index of coordination (IdC).
  • Energy cost (C), oxygen uptake (VO2), and blood lactate ([La(-)]) were measured to determine physiological responses.

Main Results:

  • Stroke rate, stroke length, IdC, VO2, and [La(-)] demonstrated inflection points correlated with swimming velocity.
  • These inflection points closely aligned with the velocity at the lactate threshold ([La(-)]inflex = 1.35 ± 0.07 m s(-1)).
  • No significant differences were found between the identified inflection velocities, indicating a consistent transition point.

Conclusions:

  • The lactate threshold marks a significant biomechanical and coordinative boundary in swimming.
  • Increased swimming velocity beyond the lactate threshold induces notable changes in stroke mechanics and organization.
  • These findings highlight the interplay between metabolic, biomechanical, and coordinative factors during high-intensity swimming.