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Cognitive impairment differs between primary progressive and relapsing-remitting MS.

Aurélie Ruet1, Mathilde Deloire, Julie Charré-Morin

  • 1Université de Bordeaux, INSERM-CHU CIC-P 0005, and Service de Neurologie, Bordeaux, France.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) experience widespread cognitive deficits, while those with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) show more limited impairments. PPMS cognitive decline is significantly more severe than in RRMS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Cognitive impairment is a common but variable symptom in MS, impacting quality of life.
  • Distinguishing cognitive profiles between primary progressive MS (PPMS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is crucial for understanding disease heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize and compare the cognitive abilities of patients with PPMS and RRMS against healthy controls (HCs).
  • To investigate the specific cognitive domains affected in each MS subtype.
  • To identify differences in cognitive impairment patterns between PPMS and RRMS patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 41 PPMS patients, 60 RRMS patients, and 415 HCs, matched for age, sex, and education.
  • Administration of a broad battery of neuropsychological (NP) tests, including modified Brief Repeatable Battery, Stroop test, and computerized attention tests.
  • Cognitive performance was analyzed comparing PPMS and RRMS groups to their respective matched HCs.

Main Results:

  • PPMS patients exhibited significant deficits across nearly all NP tests compared to HCs.
  • RRMS patients showed impairments primarily in information processing speed and working memory tasks.
  • Cognitive deficits were more extensive and severe in PPMS patients than in RRMS patients, even after controlling for disability scores.

Conclusions:

  • PPMS is associated with extensive cognitive deficits affecting information processing speed, attention, working memory, executive function, and verbal episodic memory.
  • RRMS cognitive impairments are generally restricted to information processing speed and working memory.
  • The severity and breadth of cognitive impairment are significantly greater in PPMS compared to RRMS.