Perfluorocarbon-based medium for culture of the early chick embryo heart

In an attempt to prolong the survival of the explanted early chick embryo heart, hearts at stages 10 to 28 were cultured in supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with or without the perfluorocarbon, perfluorotributylamine. The perfluorocarbon was added to the standard culture medium in a 50:50 (vol/vol) mixture. Explants were evaluated daily and were harvested for light microscopy after 2 to 10 d in culture. The tubular shape of the explants was generally maintained for 2 d in culture, after which the hearts became dilated or spherical. Beating was noted in some of the explants on Day 2 in culture but not thereafter. Microscopic evaluation showed patchy areas of necrosis in all explants by Day 3, although large areas of viable epithelioid cells were documented as long as 7 d after explanation. Stage 16 to 18 hearts cultured in the presence of perfluorocarbon were more likely to maintain tubular architecture on microscopy than hearts cultured in standard medium. Hearts cultured from later stages showed no improvement in appearance with the presence of perfluorocarbon and there was a suggestion of increased necrosis in later-stage explants cultured with perfluorocarbon for 4 d. Further modification of the culture system will be required to prolong explant survival and development beyond 2 d.