Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Low Post-Treatment Recurrence After a Shortened All-oral Regimen for Pulmonary Rifampicin- or Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Individuals without Prior Second-Line Drug Exposure in Kazakhstan.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Post-release tuberculosis risk among formerly incarcerated populations in Lima Peru.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Comparison of three linezolid management strategies for peripheral neuropathy in multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis treatment: a target trial emulation.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Interventions to reduce the impact of post-tuberculosis lung disease: a scoping review of the literature.

BMC pulmonary medicine·2026
Same author

endTB-Q trial: a caveat on confounding by baseline drug resistance - Authors' reply.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

What the AI era doctor should know: a scoping review of proposed artificial intelligence competencies for medical education.

NPJ digital medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

Aggressive regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis decrease all-cause mortality.

Carole D Mitnick1, Molly F Franke, Michael L Rich

  • 1Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. carole_mitnick@hms.harvard.edu

Plos One
|March 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An aggressive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment regimen, including at least five effective drugs, significantly reduces mortality. This approach should be considered standard for MDR-TB patient care and clinical trials.

More Related Videos

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis
09:57

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: April 5, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis
09:57

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: April 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Optimizing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment is crucial for global access and new therapy development.
  • Observational data analysis can guide the definition of effective MDR-TB treatment regimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of an aggressive MDR-TB regimen on patient outcomes.
  • An aggressive regimen included at least five effective drugs, a fluoroquinolone, and an injectable.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 669 MDR-TB patients in Peru (1999-2002).
  • Examined the association between aggressive regimens and mortality rates.
  • Regimens were individualized for laboratory-confirmed MDR-TB.

Main Results:

  • Patients receiving an aggressive regimen had a lower likelihood of death (adjusted HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43,0.93).
  • Mean drug resistance was 5.4 drugs per isolate.
  • Treatment cure or completion was 66.1%; death occurred in 20.8%.

Conclusions:

  • The aggressive regimen is a strong predictor of successful MDR-TB treatment outcomes.
  • Policymakers and program directors should adopt this standard for drug-resistant TB treatment design.
  • This regimen should serve as the standard background for clinical trials in drug-resistant TB.