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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the exudate's...
Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice
06:55

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Acute and chronic wound fluids influence keratinocyte function differently.

Oliver C Thamm1, Paola Koenen, Nicola Bader

  • 1Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany.

International Wound Journal
|March 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic wound fluid impairs keratinocyte function, reducing proliferation and migration. This is linked to increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels, hindering effective wound healing.

Keywords:
Acute woundChronic woundGene expressionKeratinocytesMigrationProliferationWound fluidWound healing

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice
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An Epithelial Abrasion Model for Studying Corneal Wound Healing
04:45

An Epithelial Abrasion Model for Studying Corneal Wound Healing

Published on: December 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Dermatology
  • Wound Healing Research

Background:

  • Effective wound healing relies on keratinocyte migration and proliferation.
  • Chronic wound fluid (CWF) differs significantly from acute wound fluid (AWF) and can impede healing.
  • Understanding the impact of wound fluid composition on keratinocyte behavior is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of AWF and CWF on keratinocyte migration and proliferation.
  • To analyze the gene expression of growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in keratinocytes exposed to AWF and CWF.

Main Methods:

  • Keratinocyte migration assessed using scratch assay.
  • Keratinocyte proliferation evaluated via MTT assay.
  • Gene expression analysis of growth factors and MMPs performed using qRT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • AWF promoted keratinocyte proliferation over time.
  • CWF exhibited an anti-proliferative effect on keratinocytes.
  • CWF significantly impaired keratinocyte migration and upregulated MMP-9 expression compared to AWF.

Conclusions:

  • CWF negatively impacts essential keratinocyte functions, hindering wound closure.
  • Elevated MMP-9 levels induced by CWF may contribute to extracellular matrix degradation, preventing healing.
  • Targeting CWF components or MMP activity could be a therapeutic strategy for chronic wounds.