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Related Concept Videos

Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Collection and Long-Term Maintenance of Leaf-Cutting Ants (Atta) in Laboratory Conditions
10:11

Collection and Long-Term Maintenance of Leaf-Cutting Ants (Atta) in Laboratory Conditions

Published on: August 30, 2022

Animal behaviour: monarchs catch a cold.

Charalambos P Kyriacou1

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. cpk@leicester.ac.uk

Current Biology : CB
|March 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Monarch butterflies adjust their internal compass for migration using temperature cues. A drop in temperature signals them to reset their compass for southward or northward travel.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The Monarch butterfly undertakes a remarkable long-distance migration between North America and Mexico.
  • This migration relies on a sophisticated time-compensated sun compass for navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the environmental stimulus that triggers the resetting of the Monarch butterfly's time-compensated compass.
  • To understand the cue responsible for directional changes during migration.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies on Monarch butterfly migratory behavior.
  • Controlled experiments investigating responses to environmental stimuli.

Main Results:

  • A reduction in ambient temperature was identified as the key stimulus for compass resetting.

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  • This temperature cue is crucial for initiating directional changes in autumn and spring migration.

    • Conclusions:

    • Temperature reduction is the primary environmental signal for Monarch butterfly compass orientation.
    • Understanding this mechanism provides insights into insect navigation and migratory adaptations.