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Related Concept Videos

Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations, psychological...
What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
Schemata...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

Adjusting behavior to changing environmental demands with development.

Frederico Lourenco1, B J Casey

  • 1Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|March 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain plasticity allows adaptation through learning and prediction. Adolescents show reduced behavioral flexibility due to distinct brain system maturation, impacting responses to unexpected events.

Keywords:
AdolescenceDevelopmentIndividual differencesLearningPlasticityRewardSelf-control

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Brain plasticity is crucial for adapting behavior to environmental changes.
  • Neural changes like myelination and synaptic pruning support learning and adaptation throughout life.
  • Cognitive and behavioral development shows nonlinear trajectories, indicating sensitive periods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore age-related differences in learning and behavior.
  • To investigate the role of maturational timetables in subcortical and prefrontal regions.
  • To understand adolescent difficulties in adjusting behavior to unexpected, salient events.

Main Methods:

  • Review of findings on brain plasticity and development.
  • Analysis of cognitive and behavioral indices across the lifespan.
  • Focus on adolescent developmental transitions.

Main Results:

  • Experience-driven neural changes underpin lifelong learning.
  • Adolescence presents challenges in flexible behavioral adjustment.
  • Individual differences influence these developmental patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related behavioral differences stem from distinct maturation rates of brain systems.
  • Adolescent brain development impacts the ability to adapt to novel or emotional situations.
  • Understanding these developmental shifts is key to explaining behavioral variability.