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Onychocytic carcinoma: a new entity.

Christophe Perrin¹, Lutz Langbein, Damien Ambrossetti

¹Laboratoire Central d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Pasteur, University of Nice, Nice, France. xst.perrin @bbox.fr

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

|March 23, 2013

Summary

Researchers identified a malignant counterpart to onychocytic matricoma, termed onychocytic carcinoma. This rare nail tumor presents clinically similar to onychomatricoma and is characterized by distinct onychocytic differentiation.

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Area of Science:

Dermatopathology
Oncology
Nail Biology

Background:

Onychocytic matricoma (OM) is a recently described benign nail tumor.
Understanding the malignant potential of nail matrix neoplasms is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

A malignant epithelial tumor, termed onychocytic carcinoma, has been identified.
Clinically, it mimics onychomatricoma.
Histologically, it shows onychocytic differentiation with both nail matrical and nail plate features.

Findings:

Onychocytic carcinoma is a singular adnexal neoplasm.
Longitudinal pachyonychia (thickening of the nail plate) is a potential clinical marker for matrical nail tumors.
Xantholeucopachyonychia may suggest OM or onychocytic carcinoma; pachymelanonychia may suggest OM, pigmented OM, or onychocytic carcinoma.

Implications:

The identification of onychocytic carcinoma expands the spectrum of nail matrix neoplasms.
A new nail band pattern, longitudinal pachyonychia, may aid in recognizing these matrical tumors.
Distinguishing between OM and onychocytic carcinoma based on nail band patterns (xantholeucopachyonychia, pachymelanonychia) is important for clinical management.